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Ecology

Carbon, reefs, protein, plastic — living systems and their waste.

Energy

Fusion, geothermal, storage — energy that obeys thermodynamics.

Artificial intelligence

Models for Earth systems, materials, grids, and recycling.

Models and machines aimed at Earth systems, materials, grids, proteins, recycling, and quantum chemistry hopes. Not chatbot hype.

GOES-16 full-disk image of Earth — the observations AI weather models train and run on

Artificial intelligence Deployed

AI weather models — GraphCast

A graph neural net now rivals classical medium-range forecasts — and it still needs the satellites.

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A quartz crystal — the kind of ordered solid materials models try to explore faster than trial-and-error

Artificial intelligence Research

GNoME — AI for materials

A model proposed hundreds of thousands of maybe-stable crystals. Chemistry still has to make them.

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High-voltage transmission pylons — the physical grid that optimization software sits on

Artificial intelligence Pilot

AI for the power grid

Better wind forecasts and dispatch tools shave reserves. They do not replace transformers.

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A protein ribbon diagram on a dark field — the class of structure these models predict

Artificial intelligence Deployed

AlphaFold — proteins for science

Structure prediction became a working tool in 2021. Designing a climate enzyme is the next, slower step.

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An industrial robot arm sorting a PET bottle on a recycling conveyor

Artificial intelligence Deployed

Recycling robots — AMP

Cameras and arms already pick cartons and bottles on real sorting lines. They do not invent a market for the bale.

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An IBM Q System One-class quantum computer, the chandelier of cables over a dilution refrigerator

Artificial intelligence Research

Quantum computing — chemistry hopes

Public machines from IBM, Google, and IonQ keep adding qubits. They have not designed a climate catalyst yet.

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An oil refinery at dusk — the class of industrial site emissions inventories try to measure from space

Artificial intelligence Deployed

Climate TRACE — seeing emissions

Satellites and machine learning now estimate many plumes independently of what a ministry reports.

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Apollo 17 Blue Marble — the planet that Earth-observation foundation models are built to read

Artificial intelligence Research

Prithvi — Earth foundation models

NASA and IBM trained an open model on years of Harmonized Landsat–Sentinel imagery. It is a starting weight, not an oracle.

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