Choose an area

Ecology

Carbon, reefs, protein, plastic — living systems and their waste.

Energy

Fusion, geothermal, storage — energy that obeys thermodynamics.

Artificial intelligence

Models for Earth systems, materials, grids, and recycling.

Dense and abundant energy that obeys thermodynamics — fusion, geothermal, storage, hydrogen with losses stated, fission, space solar — plus why perpetual motion fails.

Aerial view of the ITER construction site at Cadarache, France, in 2018

Energy Research

ITER — magnetic-confinement fusion

The world’s largest tokamak is being built in France. It is a physics experiment, not a power station.

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The National Ignition Facility target chamber at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Energy Research

NIF — inertial fusion ignition

On 5 December 2022 a laser shot made more fusion energy than it delivered to the target. The building still draws a grid’s worth of power.

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Geothermal plant at The Geysers, California — a working steam field of the kind enhanced geothermal wants to copy in new rock

Energy Pilot

Enhanced geothermal — Fervo

Horizontal wells and fracking tricks, used on hot rock instead of oil, made electricity in Nevada in 2023.

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Containerized grid battery modules at a U.S. energy-storage project

Energy Pilot

Long-duration batteries

Lithium covers the evening peak. Multi-day storage is the unsolved piece of a wind-and-solar grid.

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A large cryogenic hydrogen storage tank — the kind of industrial hydrogen hardware already used at launch sites

Energy Pilot

Green hydrogen

Useful for steel, ammonia, and ships. Wasteful as a default way to heat homes or move cars.

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An operating nuclear power plant — context for modular fission, not a photograph of a specific SMR

Energy Pilot

Modular and advanced nuclear

China’s HTR-PM entered commercial operation in December 2023. Most Western SMR logos have not poured first concrete.

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International Space Station solar arrays — the closest working cousin of proposed power satellites

Energy Research

Space-based solar power

A 2023 Caltech demo beamed a trickle of power from orbit. The physics works; the economics are the question.

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A PEM fuel-cell / electrolyzer stack — the hardware whose catalyst layers nanotechnology tries to thin

Energy Research

Nanostructured electrolyzer catalysts

Green hydrogen is limited by iridium and energy. Nanotechnology is trying to use less metal, not to invent free fuel.

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Historical engraving of a water-screw perpetual-motion scheme — a closed cycle that cannot feed itself

Energy Myth-busted

Perpetual motion — why it fails

A closed machine cannot run forever or make “free infinite energy.” That is not a conspiracy. It is thermodynamics.

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Choose an area

Ecology

Energy

Artificial intelligence

Direct air capture — Climeworks

Northern Lights — point-source CCS

Carbfix — turning CO₂ into stone

Precision fermentation

Coral restoration technology

Nanomaterial membranes

Plastic-eating enzymes — Carbios

Methane-reducing cattle feed (Bovaer)

ITER — magnetic-confinement fusion

NIF — inertial fusion ignition

Enhanced geothermal — Fervo

Long-duration batteries

Green hydrogen

Modular and advanced nuclear

Space-based solar power

Nanostructured electrolyzer catalysts

Perpetual motion — why it fails

AI weather models — GraphCast

GNoME — AI for materials

AI for the power grid

AlphaFold — proteins for science

Recycling robots — AMP

Quantum computing — chemistry hopes

Climate TRACE — seeing emissions

Prithvi — Earth foundation models