Canopy height
How tall the forest canopy is, measured by spaceborne lidar as a mean top height on a grid of about 1 kilometre.
Open the layerForest carbon stock
Country totals of living-biomass carbon in 2025, aboveground plus belowground, from the forest assessment, with the five-pool global total alongside.
FAO FRA 2025 · living biomass · million tonnes
What it is
The plate is a country choropleth of living-biomass carbon from the 2025 forest assessment tables: aboveground plus belowground, year 2025, in million tonnes. Countries that did not report both pools stay grey. The same assessment estimates total forest carbon, all five pools, at about 714 gigatonnes (roughly 172 tonnes of carbon per hectare): about 46 percent in soil, 44 percent in living biomass, and the rest in litter and dead wood. Soil, litter and dead wood stay off the plate, because far fewer countries report them.
Why it matters
A national carbon-stock total and a mapped aboveground biomass density in tonnes per hectare answer different questions. The 714 gigatonne figure comes from pool-by-pool accounting, which includes soil, litter and dead wood as well as trees.
How to read it
The number on the scale is million tonnes of living-biomass carbon in 2025. Grey land has no paired aboveground and belowground report. Soil is the largest pool in the global 714 gigatonne figure and is absent from this plate.
Sources
Related maps
Aboveground biomass
Aboveground biomass density from spaceborne lidar, mapped in tonnes per hectare.
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Burned area
Where fire burned in 2023, as the annual burned fraction on a quarter-degree grid.
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Ecological zones
Climatic and ecological zones used for forest reporting: a zoning of land by climate and ecology.
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Planted forests
Where the 2015 forest-management map marks planted forest and short-rotation timber plantation, with the reported total of about 312 million hectares.
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Tree cover
Where the 2021 land-cover map assigns the tree-cover class, counted as the share of each cell.
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Peatlands
Where the peat map records peat: a global extent of organic soils.
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Forest remaining
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports that forests cover 4.14 billion hectares, 32 percent of the world land, based on reports from 236 countries and areas.
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Primary forest
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports at least 1.18 billion hectares of primary forest, 29 percent of all forest: naturally regenerating forest of native tree species with no clearly visible signs of human activity.
Open the layerSource: Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, primary forests
Net forest-area loss
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports that the world forest area shrank by a net 4.12 million hectares a year in 2015 to 2025, down from 10.7 million hectares a year in 1990 to 2000.
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Tropical primary forest loss
The World Resources Institute reports that the world lost 4.3 million hectares of tropical primary rainforest in 2025, 36 percent less than in the record year 2024.
Open the layerSource: World Resources Institute, Global Forest Review analysis of tropical forest loss in 2025
Trees living
A 2015 study in the journal Nature combined 429,775 forest plot measurements with remote sensing and mapping layers and estimated that there are about 3.04 trillion trees on Earth.
Open the layerSource: Nature, Mapping tree density at a global scale (2015)
Numbers
Definitions, sources, and the rest of the published set.
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Satellite era
July canopy greenness from space, 2001-2025.
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Reconstructions
Ice-age vegetation, biomes, and land after people.
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Trend and futures
The long view, the years we can measure, and three possible paths.
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