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Extinct

Steller’s sea cow

Hydrodamalis gigas

Nineteenth-century scientific illustration of a Steller’s sea cow in side view
Image: Historical natural-history plate / Wikimedia Commons ( Public domain )
Extinct IUCN: Extinct

What it is

Steller’s sea cow was a huge, slow sirenian — a relative of dugongs and manatees — that grazed kelp. IUCN lists it as Extinct. Georg Wilhelm Steller described it during Vitus Bering’s 1741 expedition.

Range

By the time of European contact it survived only around the Commander Islands in the North Pacific. Bones show a wider North Pacific range earlier in the Holocene.

What happened

Fur-hunting crews killed the animals for meat, fat, and hide. They were easy to approach. The last were taken in 1768. Climate and earlier Indigenous hunting may have already shrunk the range; the final disappearance is a documented overkill.

When / status

Extinct, 1768 — one of the fastest recorded wipeouts of a large mammal.

Human role

Direct hunting by fur crews after 1741 finished a species already confined to islands.

Sources

IUCN Red List (Hydrodamalis gigas, EX); Steller’s 1741 account; 1768 last-kill date in later compilations.