What it is
The dog (Canis familiaris) is the first animal people domesticated. Bergström and colleagues (Science, 2020) show that dogs were already genetically distinct from present-day wolves, and that at least five dog lineages existed by about 11,000 years ago.
Range
Wherever people live. Village dogs, working lines, and pedigree breeds are all the same domestic species.
What happened
Dogs entered human camps in the Late Pleistocene. By the early Holocene they were already a set of lineages, genetically distinct from present-day wolves. Later breeding made the modern types.
When / status
The oldest domesticate. Distinct from present-day wolves by the Holocene; at least five lineages by about 11,000 years ago (Bergström and colleagues, 2020).
Human role
We made the first kept animal: a companion, hunter, and guard.
Sources
Bergström and colleagues, Science, 2020 (full text in PubMed Central; doi:10.1126/science.aba9572).